Harold Stansell, S.J.

PIONEER BISHOPS
1887-1911

Maurice Francis Burke
(1887-1897)

Hugh Cummiskey, Apostolic Administrator
(1893-1897; 1901-1902)

Thomas Mathias Lenihan
(1897-1902)

James John Keane
(1902-1911)

Maurice Francis Burke, 1887-1897

Maurice Francis Burke, a priest of the Archdiocese of Chicago, was chosen to be the first bishop of the Diocese of Cheyenne. Father Burke was a native of Ireland where he was born in 1845. His parents immigrated to the United States and settled in Chicago. The young man, emulating so many of his co-religionists, decided to become a priest. He studied at the University of Saint Mary of the Lake. After his initial studies he was sent to Rome to finish his preparation for ordination to the priesthood. He was ordained in Rome on May 22, 1874 by Constantino Cardinal Patrizi, Bishop of Ostia e Velletri, Vicar General of His Holiness Pope Pius IX.>1887>1

After a brief apprenticeship as an assistant in Chicago, Father Burke was appointed pastor of St. Mary’s parish in Joliet, Illinois. His accomplishments attracted the attention of those responsible for submitting to the Holy See the names of priests who gave promise of being capable of carrying greater responsibilities, an indication that they were qualified to fulfill the requirements of the episcopal office. On August 9, 1887, Father Burke was appointed the first Bishop of Cheyenne. He lost little time before he wrote to Bishop O’Connor of Omaha requesting information about the new diocese. It is doubtful that he received much encouragement from the bishop of Omaha who was not enthusiastic about the prospects of the Church in Wyoming at that time. Actually Bishop O’Connor had proposed that the Holy See should establish a vicariate apostolic for Wyoming and Utah because he was convinced that there were not enough Catholics in Wyoming to support a diocese.>1887>2

Nevertheless, the bishop-designate proceeded with plans for his episcopal ordination and in due time he was ordained a bishop by Archbishop Augustin Geehan in Holy Name Cathedral, Chicago, on October 2, 1887. The co-consecrators were Bishops William George McCloskey of Louisville and Henry Cosgrove of Davenport. On November 24, 1887, Bishop Burke, accompanied by Bishop O’Connor, arrived in Cheyenne where he was well received by civic leaders of the city and those of the Territory. The Governor of the Territory of Wyoming, Thomas Moonlight, welcomed the new bishop and wished him well. The editors of The Cheyenne Daily Sun gave ample coverage of the ceremony of the installation and quoted extensively the speeches of the two bishops.>1887>3

After the installation as the first Ordinary of the Diocese of Cheyenne, Bishop Burke undertook the task of acquainting himself with the condition of the diocese, its size and its resources. He soon realized that the extent of the area entrusted to him was considerable and the available resources were somewhat meager.

The young prelate learned that the diocese had four diocesan priests and one Jesuit. These men exercised their ministry in eight churches. There were twenty-one religious women; some members of the Sisters of Charity of Leavenworth, Kansas others, Sisters of the Holy Child Jesus. The Sisters of Charity staffed St. Joseph’s Hospital in Laramie and St. Mary’s parochial school in that city. The Sisters of the Holy Child Jesus conducted an academy and parochial school in Cheyenne. The report sent to the editors of Hoffmann’s Catholic Directory 1887, recorded 181 baptisms, and twenty marriages. The same report estimated that there were 448 families with a total of about 4,500 Catholics in the Territory and 3,000 Indians at St. Stephen’s on the Wind River Reservation where one priest and one lay brother ministered to about 110 Indians.>1887>4

Although the situation in Wyoming did not seem very promising the bishop endeavored to solve his problems. But in 1889 after two years of effort his frustration was such that he submitted his resignation to the Holy See and recommended that the diocese be suppressed. Bishop Burke traveled to Rome and presented his reasons to the officials of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith who in turn referred the matter to the bishops of the Province of St. Louis, Missouri. After preliminary consideration these officials requested the Ordinary of Lincoln, Nebraska, who had been appointed to his See at the same time as Bishop Burke, to look into the situation and recommend a solution. Bishop Thomas Bonacum concluded that the diocese of Cheyenne had a future and Bishop Burke was asked to return to his See.>1887>5

The discouraged bishop returned to make the best of a difficult assignment. By 1891 things looked better. There were nine priests, two of whom were veterans in Wyoming, Hugh Cummiskey and F.J. Nugent. Cummiskey had been pastor in Laramie since 1879 and Nugent had served in Cheyenne from 1882 to 1886 and for a short time in Rawlins. Bishop Burke appointed Father Cummiskey Vicar General of the Diocese. He recalled Father Nugent to Cheyenne and assigned him to serve as the rector of the cathedral and to take over the duties of the bishop’s secretary.

The parishes established during the period when the Union Pacific Railroad was being built were served by resident priests: Hugh Cummiskey in Laramie, C.J. Quinn in Rawlins, and Christopher Fitzgerald in Evanston. Rock Springs received its first pastor in 1888, John Delahunty. Two parishes, St. John the Baptist in Buffalo and Immaculate Conception in Lander, were without pastors in 1891. St. Stephen’s Indian Mission was served by two Jesuits, Ignatius Panken and Paul M. Ponziglione, and one diocesan priest, C. Scollen. Father Ponziglione appreciated the work of Father Scollen; he wrote that he “has been for many years a missionary among the Indians of Canada as well as the Rocky Mountains. He is a great success with Indian children, and consequently a great help to us.”>1887>6

The report on the pertinent facts about the diocese submitted to the editors of Hoffmann’s Catholic Directory 1891, reveals the magnitude of the difficulty of governing a diocese with only nine priests. Presumably all the places listed in Directory had been visited by a priest at one time or another. Besides the parishes referred to above, there were forty-three missions. Twenty-two of these were attended from Cheyenne—to mention a few: Casper, Douglas, Fort Laramie, Lusk and Newcastle. The pastor in Rawlins ministered to six missions; the pastors of Evanston, Lander, Buffalo, and Rock Springs and Laramie took care of three missions each. Considering the distances involved and the means of transportation available at the time, it is little wonder that Bishop Burke was discouraged.

There was little change in the involvement of religious women in the diocese since the beginning of their activity in the time of Bishop O’Connor. The academy of the Holy Child Jesus in Cheyenne enrolled twenty-five boarders and 130 day-scholars. The Sisters of Charity of Leavenworth taught 120 students in St. Mary’s parochial school in Laramie and cared for a daily average of fifteen patients in St. Joseph’s Hospital in that city.

Bishop Burke was concerned about the development of St. Stephen’s Indian Mission. In June 1888 he presided over the laying of the cornerstone of a convent which was being built for religious women when they could be enlisted to teach Indian boys and girls. He succeeded in obtaining a few Sisters of Charity of Leavenworth, who came to the Mission in September 1888. Unfortunately, tensions developed between Rev. George L. Willard, Vice-Director of the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions, and Francis X. Kuppens, S.J., the superior of the Mission. Father Willard was under pressure to open a school by a designated time if he were to receive government support for it, whereas Father Kuppens did not want to open the school until it was completely finished. The vice-director insisted that the school be opened at a specified time and when Father Kuppens refused he took the matter up with the Jesuit’s superior. The result of this controversy was that Father Kuppens was recalled to his provincial home and the Sisters returned to Kansas in 1890. A year and a half later five Sisters of St. Francis from Philadelphia came to Wyoming; members of this order were destined to stay at the Mission until the hectic times following the Second Vatican Council. Bishop Burke did all that was in his power to help the Mission develop and it was evident that a solid foundation was laid for the future. The bishop’s report commented: “The Mission is in the best and most beautiful part of the territory with every prospect of a great future.”>1887>7

Not the least of the bishop’s major concerns was the lack of sufficient funds to finance a proper diocesan administration. He made a desperate appeal to Catholics in the more successfully established dioceses in the eastern United States for financial support. He mailed a circular letter to eastern Catholics explaining his plight. He wrote that there were now prospects for the future, but there was little hope for an increase in the Catholic population to support the Church in Wyoming sufficiently. He declared that there was no support for a bishop who labored under a heavy debt. He concluded pessimistically that “without any possibility of doing anything whatever in the interest of religion, I find the situation insupportable. I earnestly appeal for financial aid.”>1887>8

The bishop’s problems were compounded by the virulent attacks against the Catholic Church made by members of the American Protective Association formed in Clinton, Iowa, in 1887. T.F. Lyons, a member of the association, lectured on such topics as “the Attitude of Rome Towards Our Public Schools,” “Rome the Murderers,” and “The Abomination of the Romish Confessional.” Understandably some Catholics took exception to these proceedings with the result that a riot occurred. A man was shot and Bishop Burke visited him. He asked the doctor about the wounded man’s condition. The account in the newspaper stated that the bishop “was indignant, but self-possessed” and he condemned the member of the A.P.A. “in unmeasured terms.”>1887>9

Presumably, Bishop Burke had some inkling of the correspondence that was carried on regarding the problems with episcopal appointments. There is evidence indicating that he was being considered for the office of coadjutor to Bishop O’Connor of Omaha. The Cardinal Prefect for the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, Giovanni Simeoni, recommended that Bishop Burke be appointed coadjutor to Bishop O’Connor and at the same time keep the responsibility for the administration of the diocese of Cheyenne. This move did not take place because it was opposed by Peter Kendrick, Archbishop of St. Louis.>1887>10 Further recommendations were made by the responsible bishops resulting in the transfer of Bishop Burke to the diocese of St. Joseph in Missouri on June 19, 1893. Four days before the transfer of Bishop Burke to St. Joseph, Wyoming was detached from the Province of St. Louis and assigned to the newly established ecclesiastical province of Dubuque, Iowa. According to Canon Law: “Neighboring particular Churches are to be grouped into ecclesiastical provinces, then a certain defined territory. The purpose of this grouping is to promote, according to the circumstances of persons and place, a common pastoral action of various neighboring dioceses and the more closely to foster relations between diocesan bishops.”>1887>11 As the Church grew in the United States, adjustments were made according to that growth in certain regions and dioceses were regrouped into new provinces.

In the interest of continuity the Canon Law made provision for an administrator of a diocese while a See was vacant. The administrator “is bound by the obligations and enjoys the power of the diocesan bishop, excluding those things which are excepted by their very nature or by the law itself.”>1887>12 Given the conditions in the diocese of Cheyenne it is not surprising that Hugh Cummiskey, pastor of St. Laurence O’Toole in Laramie who had held the office of vicar general for Bishop Burke, was appointed administrator of the diocese during an interregnum which was to last three years and nine months (1893-1897). Certainly Father Cummiskey knew Wyoming, at least the southern part, better than the other diocesan priests. The administrator served the Catholic people of Wyoming well, but the canonical requirements of his office prevented him from making any innovative plans while he and his fellow priests waited for a successor to Bishop Burke. Little evidence is available about developments in Wyoming during the interregnum and it must be supposed that the priests did their best to minister to the Catholic people as they had done during the incumbency of Bishop Burke.

Father Hugh Cummiskey was born in Tonawanda, Pennsylvania on August 15, 1854. Very little is known about his early life, but clearly he decided to become a priest. Shortly after his ordination on November 2, 1877, he appeared in Omaha ready to serve in the Vicariate Apostolic of Nebraska in February, 1879. The Vicar Apostolic James O’Connor sent Father Cummiskey to replace Father Eugene Cusson as pastor of the St. Laurence O’Toole parish in Laramie and he served in that capacity for almost forty-one years (1879-1920).

Somewhat surprising that the diocese lost a competent priest during the interregnum, F.J. Nugent, who had served well as pastor of the cathedral in Cheyenne, and, for a brief period in Rawlins. Father Nugent was listed in the Directory of 1891 as pastor of St. Patrick’s parish in Louisville, Nebraska, diocese of Lincoln. In 1899 he was listed as pastor of St. Teresa’s Pro-Cathedral in Lincoln.

Thomas Mathias Lenihan, 1897-1902

After nearly four years the diocese of Cheyenne obtained a new bishop, Thomas Mathias Lenihan. The bishop designate was born in Ireland (August 2, 1844). His parents brought him to the United States where he pursued his studies in preparation for the priesthood. His seminary training was somewhat peripatetic—St. Thomas College, Bardstown, Kentucky, St. Vincent’s Seminary, Cape Girardeau, Missouri, and St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Lenihan was ordained for the diocese of Dubuque, Iowa, by Bishop John Hennessy (November 19, 1868). He began his priestly career as pastor of St. Benedict’s parish in Decorah, Iowa. After two years he was moved to Fort Dodge where he was pastor of Corpus Christi parish. His accomplishments brought him to the attention of the bishop and his name was sent to Rome on a terna; that is, a list of three names for consideration for the episcopal office. Father Lenihan was appointed bishop of Cheyenne (November 30, 1896) and consecrated (February 24, 1897) by Archbishop John Hennessy of Dubuque; the co-consecrators were Henry Cosgrove, Bishop of Davenport, and Thomas Bonacum, Bishop of Lincoln.>1887>13

Bishop Lenihan, preferring a simple entrance, came unannounced to Cheyenne during Holy Week 1897, proceeded to the convent of the Sisters of the Holy Child Jesus and asked if he could offer Mass. By happy coincidence the rector of the cathedral, Father T.M. Conway, was scheduled to celebrate Mass for the Sisters and so he met the bishop. After Bishop Lenihan was settled he proceeded to find out the extent of the jurisdiction entrusted to him and to become familiar with the resources at his disposal.

One of the first things Bishop Lenihan did was to establish a more formal organization of the diocesan administration. He kept Father Cummiskey as vicar general and appointed Rev. Peter U. Sasse chancellor and secretary. He selected Rev. John Delahunty of Rock Springs for the office of treasurer and designated Rev. Mathias Ternes defender of the matrimonial bond. He established a bishop’s council made up of Fathers Hugh Cummiskey of Laramie, John Delahunty of Rock Springs, Mathias Ternes of Rawlins and Peter Casey of Evanston.

Between 1895 and 1899 three new parishes had been established: St. Anthony of Padua in Casper with James A. Keating as pastor, Corpus Christi in Newcastle with Jules Bigaouette as pastor, and Holy Name in Sheridan with Joseph A. Accorsini as pastor. Two new priests came to the diocese, Peter Casey, pastor of St. Mary Magdalen in Evanston and William O’Dwyer, pastor of Immaculate Conception in Lander. A beginning was made in building a convent and a school in Rawlins and in Rock Springs. The entry in The Official Catholic Directory reporting on the situation the Wind River Reservation presents some specific items regarding the progress of St. Stephen’s Mission. The report states that there were 1,900 Indians on the reservation belonging to the Shoshone and Arapaho tribes, many of whom had been baptized and were practicing Catholics. The school at the mission was subsidized by the U.S. Government, which paid for fifty pupils. Mother Katharine Drexel, foundress of the Blessed Sacrament Sisters for Indian and Colored People, supported thirty students and the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions maintained the remainder. It is also noted the Mother Drexel paid for the building of a convent and school building at a cost of about $50,000.>1887>14

Bishop Lenihan administered the sacrament of Confirmation at St. Stephen’s Mission (June 13, 1896). In spite of ill health Bishop Lenihan traveled far and wide in the diocese. He baptized in Buffalo and Newcastle. Twenty-one baptisms were recorded in the register of the cathedral (the last on April 8, 1901). During his regime the established schools more than held their own. Fifteen Sisters of the Holy Child Jesus taught 200 day-scholars and 25 boarders in Cheyenne. Five Sisters of Charity of Leavenworth in Laramie taught 100 pupils. The hospital in Laramie did not fare so well because the Union Pacific authorities shifted their rolling mill operations from Laramie to Rawlins and began to send their hospital patients to Denver, and opposition from members of the American Protective Association forced the county to withdraw county patients. The loss of support made it impossible for the Sisters to continue their work in the hospital and in their academy. All the Sisters of Charity of Leavenworth in Laramie returned to Kansas by 1900, to return only in 1952.>1887>15

Bishop Lenihan’s effectiveness was curtailed by chronic health problems. He suffered from a kidney disorder and his heart did not tolerate the high altitude of Wyoming which compounded his difficulties and so it became necessary for him to return to Iowa where he shortly died (December 15, 1901). The combination of bad health coupled with the altitude and size of the diocese made it difficult for him to accomplish as much as he might have wished.

James John Keane, 1902-1911

The interim between the death of Bishop Lenihan and the appointment of his successor, the third bishop of Cheyenne, was short (June 10, 1902). James John Keane (not to be confused with John Joseph Keane, Archbishop of Dubuque, who was not a relative), was born in Joliet, Illinois (August 26, 1856) and attended St. John’s, Collegeville, Minnesota, the College of St. Francis Xavier in New York, and finished his seminary training in the Grand Seminary, Montreal, Canada and was ordained (December 23, 1882). He joined the diocese of St. Paul, Minnesota, where he engaged in pastoral work when he was not working at the College of St. Thomas on the faculty and as its president (1888-1892). James John Keane received episcopal ordination (October 28, 1902) at the hands of Archbishop John Ireland (the diocese of St. Paul had been raised to an archdiocese in 1888). The co-consecrators were Joseph Bernard Cotter of Winona and James McGolrick of Duluth.

Bishop Keane came to Wyoming at a time when the economic condition of the state was improving after nearly a decade of depression. Professor Larson quotes the Governor of the State as announcing, in 1901, “The young State of Wyoming enters the twentieth century under the most flattering conditions. Our people are blessed with an abundance, and contentment and hopefulness pervades every community.” After the new bishop had studied the status of the diocese he concluded that Wyoming was still a missionary field and that his work was cut out for him. He undertook the task of setting up a more orderly procedure in the organization of the diocesan administration.>1887>16

Judging from the information sent to the editors of Hoffmann’s Catholic Directory, some supervision was very necessary. Whoever prepared the report for the diocese for the Directory of the year 1904 listed Father John Delahunty as pastor in Rock Springs as well as in Rawlins. In the summary it is recorded that there were fifteen priests in the diocese; one can count only eight who held pastorates (the report records that there were twelve churches with resident pastors). One can only hope that the information regarding the number of religious women in the diocese is more accurate. The Academy of the Holy Child Jesus in Cheyenne was staffed by sixteen Sisters who taught 150 day-scholars and 30 boarders. The entry for the Franciscan Sisters at St. Stephen’s Mission is most confusing. The same line imparts the following information “8 Sisters of St. Frances. Sister M. supr. Sisters 12; Pupils 150.” It is also noted that there were 5 Sisters of St. Francis in Rawlins who taught 80 day pupils and 2 boarders. Finally, the report estimates the number of Catholics in Wyoming to be about 7,000.

The following year, 1905, the entry in the Directory shows some improvement. The bishop is listed as pastor of the Cathedral with two assistants, namely, Fathers John Delahunty and Joseph Conrath. The entry recording the situation at St. Stephen’s Mission was not corrected. Surprisingly, the Catholic population is estimated at about 4,000, 3,000 less than it had been the previous year. Admittedly, it was difficult to report an accurate number of practical Catholics but a loss of some 3,000 in one year is difficult to explain, unless the 3,000 added earlier represented Indian conversions which did not occur because the Shoshone went to the Episcopalian Church.

Bishop Keane was very much aware of the necessity of bringing the diocese up to date in conformity with the requirements of the law of the State of Wyoming. He incorporated the diocese and required the pastors to incorporate their parishes according to that law. Each parish was to have a board of trustees made up of the bishop, the pastor and two lay trustees.

Recruiting priests who would be willing to work in the difficult environment of Wyoming was a major task confronting a frontier bishop. Bishop Keane was successful in securing the services of a number of priests who served the diocese well during their long tenures.

The bishop invited James Albert Duffy, who had served with him in St. Paul, to come to Wyoming and assigned him to assist at the cathedral where he took over the day to day administration of the parish and thus relieved the bishop to work more generally for the Church in Wyoming. Father Duffy did well in ministering to the people of the parish until he was selected to be the first bishop of Kearney, later Grand Island, Nebraska.

Another valuable recruit was James A. Hartmann, interviewed by Bishop Keane as a seminarian at the Josephinum in Columbus, Ohio. The bishop said that he could use a man trained for service in a German speaking parish. Evidently, the bishop was so anxious to recruit men for the diocese that he stretched the truth a little, since, at the time, there were not many Germans in Cheyenne or anywhere else in the diocese.>1887>17

Other priests were attracted to Wyoming: John Duffy, who may be considered the architect of the Church in the Sheridan area; Henry Schellinger, who was destined to work long and successfully in Green River; and Nicholas Endres, a very visible presence in Thermopolis and the Bighorn Basin.>1887>18

A very important acquisition for the diocese was the services of the Conventual Franciscans to minister to the people of Douglas and four eastern Wyoming counties. Rev. Ignatius Berna, O.M.C., arrived in Douglas in 1909, the first of many of the Order to labor in Wyoming. The earlier editions of The Official Catholic Directory use the initials which designated the Order of Minor Conventuals. Between 1938 and 1948 the title of the Order was changed to O.F.M.Conv., that is, Order of Friars Minor Conventual.>1887>19

Besides recruiting, Bishop Keane was in great demand as a preacher and a retreat director for both priests and nuns. He was invited to the dioceses of Philadelphia, Providence, Springfield and Hartford, Massachusetts. He was quite successful in the performance of his office in these dioceses and was rewarded with a generous remunerative response. Bishop McGovern recorded that, “Whatever he could secure by this means was put into a fund which has been of inestimable benefit in furthering the cause of religion in Wyoming.”>1887>20

To build a suitable cathedral and an episcopal residence was a goal high on Bishop Keane’s list of priorities. He challenged the parishioners to raise the necessary funds to build the cathedral and committed himself to solicit the money from the diocese at large needed to build an episcopal residence.

The bishop decided to sell the property on which the cathedral was situated and to relocate on a more suitable site. He was able to purchase property on Capitol Avenue three city blocks from the State Capitol. The response of the people of the parish and of the diocese was enthusiastic and the project was soon under way.

An architect was engaged as well as a contractor. Later research failed to identity the architect of the building, but succeeded in identifying the contractor, Moses Patrick Keefe, a prominent Cheyenne builder. Mr. Keefe obtained blocks of sandstone from quarries at Iron Mountain north of Cheyenne. The blocks were hauled to the cathedral construction site where they were cut by stone masons.>1887>21

Work progressed well that it was possible to celebrate the laying of the cornerstone in the presence of an enthusiastic gathering (July 7, 1907). The Police Band of Cheyenne led the procession. Speeches were delivered by Mayor Cook, Attorney General W.E. Mullen, and Governor Bryant B. Brooks. The hierarchy of the Church was represented by Bishops B. Cotter of Winona, Lawrence Scanlan of Salt Lake City, and Richard Scannell of Omaha. The Cheyenne Daily Leader reported the festivities in some detail.>1887>22

The dedication of the completed cathedral and episcopal residence were ready for dedication a year and seven months later. The Pontifical High Mass was celebrated by Bishop Maurice Burke of St. Joseph, first Bishop of Cheyenne. Bishop John P. Carroll of Helena preached the sermon. Other prelates in attendance were Bishops Nicholas C. Matz of Denver, Philip J. Carrigan of Sioux City, and Mathias C. Lenihan of Great Falls, brother of the deceased second bishop of Cheyenne. It is difficult to improve on the description of the cathedral given by Bishop McGovern’s History. However, mention should be made of the various accouterments that enhanced the beauty of the building. The main altar was the gift of the ladies of the Altar and Rosary Society. The members of the Young Ladies’ Sodality donated the altar of the Blessed Virgin. The window above the main entrance was the gift of the local Knights of Columbus. And the pipe organ was made possible by the contributions of the members of the congregation and, surprisingly, Andrew Carnegie, who donated $2,000 each. The total cost of this monument to the determination of Bishop Keane, the clergy, and the faithful was $80,000; the episcopal residence finished about the same time was built at a cost of $23,000.>1887>23

Two final notes give some idea about the character of Bishop Keane. First, he showed his appreciation and that of the Church for the accomplishments and services of Father Hugh Cummiskey to the diocese. The pastor of St. Laurence O’Toole in Laramie had served as apostolic administrator of the diocese (1893-1897 and 1901-1902). He was a perennial vicar general while quite successful in fulfilling his pastoral responsibilities in the parish. Bishop Keane petitioned the Holy See successfully to make Father Cummiskey a domestic prelate with the title of Right Rev. Monsignor.

A second note about Bishop Keane might be demonstrated in the Baptismal Register of St. Mary’s Cathedral (February 7, 1904). The bishop conferred Baptism, but only one sponsor was available; so the bishop wrote after the word, Paterni, the name of one sponsor, a Mrs. Ladly, and added the words, Ego Ipse, (“I myself”).>1887>24

After nine years in Cheyenne Bishop Keane was Archbishop of Dubuque (August 11, 1911).>1887>25

NOTES

1887-1911

>1887>1 Joseph Bernard Code, Dictionary of the American Hierarchy 1789-1964 (New York: Joseph F. Wagner, 1964), 29.

>1887>2 Casper, II, 356.

>1887>3 The Cheyenne Daily Sun, exact references unknown, Ed.

>1887>4 Hoffman, Catholic Directory,1888, et al passim.

>1887>5 Gilbert J. Garragan, S.J., The Jesuits of the Middle United States (New York: America Press, 1938), vol. III, 515.

>1887>6 Quote reference unknown, Ed.

>1887>7>Daniel P. Gaffey, Citizen of No Mean City: Archbishop Patrick Riordan of San Francisco (Wilmington, N.C.: Consortium, 1976), 124.

>1887>8 Leader (June 6, 1891) quoted in Larson, 223-224.

>1887>9 McGovern, 127-128, about A.P.A. outraging the church in Laramie in 1895.

>1887>10 Gaffey, 124.

>1887>11 Canon Law, Canon 431.

>1887>12 Canon Law, Canon 427.1.

>1887>13 McGovern, 11, 127-128.

>1887>14 Baptismal Register, St. Mary’s Cathedral, Cheyenne, Book II, passim.

>1887>15 McGovern, 125. Sister Catherine Louise Lebhart, S.C.L., “Sisters of Charity of Leavenworth in Laramie, 1875-1900.”

>1887>16 Larson.

>1887>17 This information was given to Father Stansell by Msgr. John Meyer.

>1887>18 See Endres Extension article.

>1887>19 O.M.C. changes to O.F.M.Conv. in the late 1940s.

>1887>20 McGovern, 15.

>1887>21 National Register of Historic Places Inventory. Nomination Form. Statement of Significance. Cheyenne, p. 3.

>1887>22 McGovern, 9; The Cheyenne Daily Leader (July 9, 1907).

>1887>23 McGovern, 37, 39.

>1887>24 Baptismal Register, St. Mary’s Cathedral, Cheyenne, Book III, p. 4.

>1887>25 Hyperlink to Archbishops of Dubuque.